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Android 10: Know the Features of Google’s new operating system

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Android 10

Google is launching its latest version of the Android operating system later called Android Q now Android 10 soon. It has been told that this new version of Android comes with many new features.

According to the news, Google will provide system-wide dark mode features in Android Q. If this feature is available, the smartphone automatically has a dark mode activate based on the external environment.

According to a website called Android Police, which provides various news and disclosures may inside secrets about Android, the Google Wide Dark Mode feature in Android 10 will set the dark mode of smartphones on auto-unmatched times in sunrise and sunset.

That means that the smartphone itself will be in dark mode when it is dark, it will come out of Dark Mode while light or sunlight.

In fact it will work like the Night Light feature in the existing Android device.

android operating system

System-Wide Dark Mode Feature may look great. But there are some shortcomings to it.

After activating this feature, it will automatically work on sunrise and sunset. This feature can not be customized by turning on or off according to your required time. That means, even when you have to visit dark places on day, the dark mode will not be activated. Although on the user feedback and complaints, Google is customizing it. And it was expected that this feature will be updated soon.

The Android, as we’ve said, is only the first hours of Love, immobilized, the hour of the ideal made eternal prisoner” ― Auguste Villiers

#Android 10

According to the Android Police, there will also be a spectacular feature featuring the device’s battery-powered device in Android 10. This feature will be activated when the phone’s battery low. This reduces the phone’s brightness and will be taken into power saving mode while the battery is low. Due to which the battery consumption on the phone will be somehow less and the battery charge will take a little longer.

According to the news, apart from these features, facial reorganization, privacy control, app verification settings, desktop mode, built-in in-screen recorder, will also be features in Android 10.

District Rate List 2081 -2082 ( जिल्ला दर रेट २०८१/८२ )

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District Rate Nepal

 Download District Rates of All District 2081/82

By the end of every fiscal year, the district rate list of every district is updated and published by Respected District Administration Office. For each district you can download the District Rate List (Jilla Dar Rate) from your DAO office (जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय) website. Since the rate list are not well managed in mostly DAO websites it will be difficult for the general public, contractor and engineers to search and download those PDF file so we herby uploaded those files province and district wise.

Feel free to download District Rate List 2081-82

Koshi Province

Koshi Province
1Bhojpur Districtभोजपुर जिल्लाDownload
2Dhankuta Districtधनकुटा जिल्लाDownload
3Ilam Districtइलाम जिल्लाDownload
4Jhapa Districtझापा जिल्लाDownload
5Khotang Districtखोटाङ Download
6Morang Districtमोरङ जिल्लाDownload
7Okhaldhungaओखलढुङ्गा Download
8Panchthar DistrictपाँचथरDownload
9Sankhuwasabhaसङ्खुवासभाDownload
10Solukhumbuसोलुखुम्बुDownload
11Sunsari DistrictसुनसरीDownload
12Taplejung Districtताप्लेजुङ Download
13Tehrathum Districtतेह्रथुम जिल्लाDownload
14Udayapur DistrictउदयपुरDownload

Madesh Province

Madesh Province
1Parsa Districtपर्सा जिल्लाDownload
2Bara Districtबारा जिल्लाDownload
3Rautahat Districtरौतहट जिल्लाDownload
4Sarlahi Districtसर्लाही जिल्लाDownload
5Dhanusha Districtधनुषा जिल्लाDownload
6Siraha Districtसिराहा जिल्लाDownload
7Mahottari Districtमहोत्तरी जिल्लाDownload
8Saptari Districtसप्तरी जिल्लाDownload

Bagmati Province

Bagmati Province
1Sindhuli Districtसिन्धुली जिल्लाDownload
2Ramechhap Districtरामेछाप जिल्लाDownload
3Dolakha Districtदोलखा जिल्लाDownload
4Bhaktapur Districtभक्तपुर जिल्लाDownload
5Dhading Districtधादिङ जिल्लाDownload
6Kathmandu Districtकाठमाडौ जिल्लाDownload
7Kavrepalanchokकाभ्रेपलान्चोकDownload
 8Lalitpur Districtललितपुर जिल्लाDownload
9Nuwakot Districtनुवाकोट जिल्लाDownload
10Rasuwa Districtरसुवा जिल्लाDownload
11Sindhupalchokसिन्धुपाल्चोकDownload
12Chitwan Districtचितवन जिल्लाDownload
13Makwanpur Districtमकवानपुर जिल्लाDownload

Gandaki Province

Gandaki Province
1Baglung Districtबागलुङ जिल्लाDownload
2Gorkha Districtगोरखा जिल्लाDownload
3Kaski Districtकास्की जिल्लाDownload
4Lamjung Districtलमजुङ जिल्लाDownload
5Manang Districtमनाङ जिल्लाDownload
6Mustang Districtमुस्ताङ जिल्लाDownload
7Myagdi Districtम्याग्दी जिल्लाDownload
8Nawalpurनवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व)Download
9Parbat Districtपर्वत जिल्लाDownload
10Syangja Districtस्याङग्जा जिल्लाDownload
11Tanahun Districtतनहुँ जिल्लाDownload

Lumbini Province

Lumbini Province
1Kapilvastuकपिलवस्तुDownload
2Nawalparasi नवलपरासी(बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम)Download
3Rupandehiरुपन्देही जिल्लाDownload
4Arghakhanchiअर्घाखाँचीDownload
5Gulmi Districtगुल्मी जिल्लाDownload
6Palpa Districtपाल्पा जिल्लाDownload
7Dang Districtदाङ जिल्लाDownload
8Pyuthan Districtप्युठान जिल्लाDownload
9Rolpa Districtरोल्पा जिल्लाDownload
10Eastern Rukum पूर्वी रूकुमDownload
11Banke Districtबाँके जिल्लाDownload
12Bardiya Districtबर्दिया जिल्लाDownload

Karnali Province

Karnali Province
1Western Rukum पश्चिमी रूकुम Download
2Salyan Districtसल्यान जिल्लाDownload
3Dolpa Districtडोल्पा जिल्लाDownload
4Humla Districtहुम्ला जिल्लाDownload
5Jumla Districtजुम्ला जिल्लाDownload
6Kalikot DistrictकालिकोटDownload
7Mugu Districtमुगु जिल्लाDownload
8Surkhet Districtसुर्खेत जिल्लाDownload
9Dailekh Districtदैलेख जिल्लाDownload
10Jajarkot DistrictजाजरकोटDownload

Sudurpaschim (Farwest) Province

Sudurpaschim Province
1Kailali Districtकैलाली जिल्लाDownload
2Achham Districtअछाम जिल्लाDownload
3Doti Districtडोटी जिल्लाDownload
4Bajhang Districtबझाङ जिल्लाDownload
5Bajura Districtबाजुरा जिल्लाDownload
6Kanchanpurकंचनपुर जिल्लाDownload
7Dadeldhuraडडेलधुरा जिल्लाDownload
8Baitadi Districtबैतडी जिल्लाDownload
9Darchula Districtदार्चुला जिल्लाDownload

Search your district name..

SURKHET DISTRICT RATES-2081-82

22.20 MB 8 Downloads

SALYAN DISTRICT RATES-2081-82

22.94 MB 6 Downloads

MUGU-DISTRICT-RATES-2081-82

13.14 MB 1 Downloads

KALIKOT DISTRICT RATES-2081-82

6.58 MB 5 Downloads

JUMLA DISTRICT RATES-2081-82

2.17 MB 3 Downloads

DOLPA DISTRICT RATES-2081-82

1.56 MB 2 Downloads

HUMLA DISTRICT RATES-2081-82

1.80 MB 4 Downloads

DAILEKH DISTRICT RATES-2081-82

9.04 MB 4 Downloads

Download NBC Codes : Nepal National Building Code (NBC)

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NBC codes

After the 2045 B.S earthquake that time government felt that they require their own Building Code. Due to the lack of country code mostly engineers are forced to use other country building codes. Without considering the strength of materials people are constructing residential buildings. 10-15 years ago, about 95% of the building’s structures are built-up without taking the suggestion of any technicians or engineers. Even technicians do not have proper knowledge and idea about earthquake residential buildings.

    Please visit DUDBC For more updates..

    Implementation of NBC Codes

    From 2060/04/12, NBC is started to use in government and government shared construction buildings. Later in 2062/11/01 after the publish of Gadget NBC is implemented in 58 municipalities, 28 VDC where district headquarter lies at that time.

    Before releasing it on government gadget to implement the NBC is started to use in Lalitpur metropolitan in 2059 B.S Magh-2 on the occasion of National Earthquake day.

    NBC Codes: Nepal National Building Code

    National Building Code (NBC) is a group of 23 codes. At first 20 codes are developed after that 3 codes, architectural code, electrical, and sanitation are added to NBC in 2060 B.S.

    National Building Code(NBC) are sub categorized into 4 types:

    1. International state-of-Art (SOA):

    By using reference from the developed country building code you can design a building. Generally, while constructing important buildings, commercial buildings, stadium reference is taken from developed country code. It contains only one code.

    2. Professionally Engineered Buildings (PEB):

    Buildings having a plinth area of more than 1000 square feet or a structural span greater than 4.5-meter are categorized in Professionally Engineered Buildings (PEB). These buildings should be designed and built-in with guidelines of engineers.

    3. Mandatory Rule of Thumb (MRT)

    The main objective of these Mandatory Rules of Thumb (MRT) is to provide ready-to-use dimensions and details for various structural and non-structural elements for up to three-storey reinforced concrete (RC), framed, ordinary residential buildings commonly being built by owner-builders in Nepal. Their purpose is to replace the non-engineered construction presently adopted with pre-engineered construction. Now, it is mandatory to follow MRT while designing or constructing buildings in every municipality of Nepal.

    4. Guidelines for Remote Rural Buildings (GRB)

    Guidelines for Remote Rural Buildings (GRB) guidelines are prepared in order to raise the seismic safety of low-strength masonry buildings and earthen buildings. These guidelines are intended to be implemented by the owner/builder with some assistance from the technicians.

    Visit Website of DUDBC for more information..

    Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

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    Download Design of Steel and Timber Structures Notes

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    Course Objectives:
    After completion of this course, you will be able to:

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    Steel Pokhara University Solution

    Download notes for Structure Analysis II

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    Structure Analysis II

    Course Objectives of structure analysis II:

    After completion of this course, students will be able to:

    • describe the behavior of indeterminate structures.
    • analyze indeterminate trusses, beams, frames and arches selecting appropriate methods
    • portray the plastic behavior of structures.
    • apply matrix-method for analysis of structures.

    Download the Complete Note Of Structure Analysis II Civil Engineering, Pokhara University.

    Download notes for Structure Analysis I

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    structure analysis

    Structure Analysis is a branch of Civil Engineering that deals with the study of the behavior of structures under loads. It involves the analysis and design of building structures, bridges, towers, and other similar structures to ensure their safety, stability, and sustainability. The goal of Structure Analysis is to predict how a structure will respond to various loads, such as wind, earthquakes, and weight, and to design it in such a way that it can withstand these loads without collapsing or becoming damaged. The field encompasses a wide range of mathematical and computational methods, including Statics, Dynamics, Mechanics of Materials, and Finite Element Analysis.

    Download the Complete Note Of Structure Analysis I Civil Engineering, Pokhara University.

    Select categories!

    Download Strength Of Materials Notes

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    Strength Of Materials

    Strength of Materials is a branch of mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid objects subjected to various types of stress and strain. It helps us to understand how the internal forces and deformations in materials affect their overall strength, stability, and ability to resist deformation. The fundamental principles of Strength of Materials (SOM) include Hooke’s law and the laws of stress and strain.

    Download the Complete Note Of Strength Of Materials Civil Engineering, Pokhara University.

    This is the complete note related to Strength Of Materials.

    Download note here.

    If you have any note collection please feel free to share with us because your collection may help others.

    Are you seeking for Syllabus of Pokhara University:

    For more info about Pokhara University Visit Official Site Click Here.

    Unit Weight of Materials Used at Construction Site

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    bricks

    While doing analysis works or other calculation you need to know the units weights of individual materials. So here we made a list of 33 materials which are used for construction at sites with their unit weight.

    1. Water = 1000 Kg/ m3
    2. Bricks (broken) = 1420 Kg/ m3
    3. Bricks(common)= 1600 Kg/ m3
    4. Cement(ordinary)= 1440 Kg/ m3
    5. Cement (rapid hardening)= 1250 Kg/ m3
    6. Cement Mortar= 2000 Kg/ m3
    7. Cement Concrete (Plain)= 2400 Kg/ m3
    8. Cement Concrete (Reinforced)= 2500 Kg/ m3
    9. Glass= 2500 Kg/ m3
    10. Lime Concrete= 1900 Kg/ m3
    11. Cement Plaster= 2000 Kg/ m3
    12. Lime Plaster= 1700 Kg/ m3
    13. Stones (Ballast)= 1720 Kg/ m3
    14. Stones (Aggregates)= 1750 Kg/ m3
    15. Stones (Basalt)= 2850 Kg/ m3
    16. Stones (Granite)= 2450 Kg/ m3
    17. Stones (Marble)= 2650 Kg/ m3
    18. Timber (Oak, Sal)= 510 Kg/ m3
    19. Timber (Mango)= 650 Kg/ m3
    20. Timber (Teak)= 625 Kg/ m3
    21. Coal 600= Kg/ m3
    22. Plastics= 1250 Kg/ m3
    23. Oils= 800 Kg/ m3
    24. Ashes= 650 Kg/ m3
    25. Clinker= 750 Kg/ m3
    26. Rubber= 1300 Kg/ m3
    27. Slag= 1500 Kg/ m3
    28. Clay Soil= 1900 Kg/ m3
    29. Sand (dry)= 1540 to 1600 Kg/ m3
    30. Sand (wet)= 11760 to 2000 Kg/ m3
    31. Steel= 7850 Kg/ m3
    32. Chalk= 2100 Kg/ m3
    33. Bitumen= 1040 Kg/ m3

    25 important points for Site Engineer

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    Civil Engineer

    The basic but important points which are essential for civil engineers while working at the site are:

    Important points for Site Engineer

    1. The height of the parapet wall should be 1 meter or 3 feet. 
    2. The thickness of DPC should be 25 cm or 1 inch. 
    3. The general height of the building 3.15 meters or 10 ft. 
    4. The weight of the cement bag is 50kg. 
    5. One bag of cement is equal to 0.0347 m3 or 1.25 cubic feet.
    6. Total 28.8 cement bags in the 1-meter cube. 
    7. The minimum thickness of the slab is 125 mm 5inch. 
    8. A lintel is provided in case of a brick wall at a height of 2.4 meters of thickness 15 cm minimum. 
    9. The minimum diameter of bars used in the slab is 8 mm. 
    10. The minimum diameter of bars used in the column is 12 mm.
    11. The maximum diameter of bars to be used in the slab is 1/8 of the thickness of the slab.
    12. Maximum chair spacing 1 m. 
    13. PCC is not affected by water.
    14. RCC is affected by water because of bars. 
    15. The maximum free fall of concrete is 1.5 m.
    16. The maximum water absorption of First-class brick is 15-20% of its weight.
    17. The initial setting time of cement is 30 minutes.
    18. The final setting time of cement is 10 hours ( 600 minutes).
    19. 1 gallon is equal to 3.78 liters.
    20. 1 yard = 3 feet
    21. Weight of steel = D²/162.2 Kg/m or D²/533 Kg/ft.
    22. The slope of the staircase for residential building is kept between 25° – 40°.
    23. Cement should be used within 50 days of manufacturing.
    24. The minimum curing period for concrete is 7 days in normal weather conditions and 10 days in dry and hot weather conditions.
    25. In the column, steel is taken between 0.8% to 6% of the cross-section area of the column.

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    Water cement ratio of Concrete !! How to choose W/C ratio?

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    Mortar_mixed_Water_Cement

    Water Cement ratio is the relative weight of water to that of cement in the concrete mixture. It is also denoted by W/C ration.

    In Concrete, the water-cement ratio determines the final properties of the concrete. The Water-cement ratio is the most important factor behind the strength of concrete.

    If a concrete mixture has a high water-cement ratio then it will be workable (easy to work with that concrete) but it will be less stronger as compared to the same concrete with less water-cement ration.

    Less workable concrete is stronger. So, while working with cement, the ratio of water must be kept according to the nature of work to get the best result on strength as well as more workable.

    You cannot have free choice for choosing the ratio of W/C because the W/C ratio needs about 0.23 to complete the hydration of cement.

    If only 23% of water is added while mixing, the concrete will not be workable due to less water. So, we need to use add additional water for workability but with in limit so the strength should not be affected.

    In normal concrete, W/C ratio is kept between 0.35 – 0.40 because in this ratio we get good workability without losing a lot of strength.

    With the increase in W/C ratio the workability of concrete increases but after one optimum point that workability decreases due to the segregation problem in aggregate and bleeding problems in cement paste.

    Relation between Water Cement ratio (W/C) and compressive strength of concrete:

    1. To increases the compressive strength of concrete you need to take a low w/c ratio.
    2. W/C ratio affects the permeability. So less W/c ration concrete is less permeable.
    3. The water-cement ration affects the drying shrinkage and cracking of concrete. If you kept a low W/C ration the drying shrinkage and cracking of concrete will low.
    4. If the w/c ratio chooses by considering workability and strength then there will be less volume change from drying and wetting.
    5. With a low W/C ratio the weather resistance of concrete increases.
    6. W/c ratio determines the concrete and reinforcement bond.

    Also, the Curing of concrete helps to gain the required strength and helps to decrease the permeability of hardened concrete.

    Also, read the article on Why the curing of concrete is required and different methods of the curing.

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    Preventive measures of Waterlogging

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    water logging
    EPSON DSC picture

    If the productivity of land decrease with a rise in water table then the land is said to be water logged. Waterlogging is the saturation of soil with water.

    Causes of waterlogging

    1. Due to over and intense irrigation.
    2. Due to inadequate natural drainage.
    3. Seepage of water from adjoining high lands.
    4. Seepage of water from the canal from the upper level.
    5. Because of the impervious layer.
    6. Irregular topography.
    7. Due to high rainfall.
    8. Land submerged due to flood.

    Also Read: Advantages of irrigation system

    Effects of waterlogging

    1. It decreases the production of the land.
    2. Difficulty in cultivation works.
    3. Unnecessary grass/weeds grow in the land.
    4. increase the cases of malaria in waterlogged places.
    5. decrease the temperature of the as a result bacterial activity is decreased and so does productivity.
    6. Land converted in salinity (salty land) due to waterlogging.

    Preventive measure of waterlogging:

    1) By reducing the intensity of irrigation.
    2) By providing a drainage system.
    3) By improving pre-existing or natural drainage.
    4) By optimum use of water.
    5) By crop rotation method.
    6) By effective sub-surface drainage system.
    7) By adaptation of lift irrigation or sprinkle irrigation methods at those areas where possibility of waterlogging is high.

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    ETABS Shortcut keys !! Very Useful For ETABS

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    ETABS Shortcut keys

    ETABS is engineering software used for structural analysis and design of buildings. In the engineering field mostly engineers prefer to work in ETABS because of its flexibility and user friendly. It is created by American based company CSI.

    ETABS is very much useful for structural engineers as well as a civil engineer. For structural analysis, we use various standard codes as references that are pre-defined on ETABS. Manually it takes hours even a day or more than that to analyze and do complex calculations.

    Why do you need to use ETABS?

    • It saves time as well as you need to put less effort into the structural analysis.
    • Easy and user friendly.
    • Easily you can check the stability of the structure.
    • It calculated the seismic and wind load properly.
    • You can easily find out the required amount of reinforcement.
    • You can see the 3D view of structure, plan, and elevation at the same time.

    Now, lets come to the main topic of the article. While working with ETABS software if we prefer the use of shortcut keys instead of going to an individual menu for each time, it will dramatically save our time. ETABS have limited numbers of shortcut keys as compare to AutoCAD among them if we remember 20/30 shortcut keys that will be enough for design and analysis work for structures.

    ETABS Shortcut Keys list :

    1. File Menu

    • Ctrl+N –New Model
    • Ctrl+O – Open File
    • Ctrl+Shift+E – File Close
    • Ctrl+ S – Save File
    • Ctrl+P – Print Graphics
    • Ctrl+Shift+C – Comments and Log
    • Ctrl+Shift+F -Show Input/Output Text Files
    • Alt+F4 – Exit
    • Ctrl+Shift+5 – Capture Picture > Entire Screen
    • Ctrl+Shift+6 – Capture Picture > Current Window / Titlebar
    • Ctrl+Shift+9 – Capture Picture > Current Window as Enhanced Meta file

    2. Edit Menu

    • Ctrl+Z – Undo
    • Ctrl+Y – Redo
    • Ctrl+X – Cut
    • Ctrl+C – Copy
    • Ctrl+V – Paste
    • Ctrl+R – Replicate
    • Ctrl+Shift+M – Align Joints/Frames/Edges
    • Ctrl+M – Move Joints/Frames/Shells
    • Delete – Delete

    3. View Menu

    • Ctrl+Shift+F1 – Set Plan View
    • Ctrl+Shift+F2 – Set Elevation View
    • Ctrl+Shift+F3 – Set 3D View
    • Ctrl+D – Set Grid System Visibility
    • Ctrl+W – Set Display Options
    • F2 – Rubber Band Zoom
    • F3 – Restore Full View (Zoom All)
    • Shift+F2 – Zoom In One Step
    • Shift+F3 – Zoom Out One Step
    • F10 – Pan
    • Ctrl+Shift+A – Show All Objects
    • Ctrl+Shift+J – Show Selected Objects Only
    • Ctrl+Shift+W – Refresh Window
    • Ctrl+Shift+V – Refresh View

    4. Select Menu

    • Ctrl+A – Select All
    • Ctrl+G – Select Groups
    • Ctrl+J – Get Previous Selection
    • Ctrl+K – Invert Selection
    • Ctrl+Q – Clear Selection
    • Ctrl+Shift+L – Intersecting Line
    • Ctrl+Shift+O – Poly
    • Ctrl+Shift+P – Intersecting Poly

    5. Analyze Menu

    • F4 – Undeformed Shape
    • F5 – Run Analysis

    6. Display Menu

    • F6 – Deformed Shape
    • F12 – Plot Functions
    • Ctrl+T – Show Tables
    • F7 – Force/Stress Diagrams > Support/Spring Reactions
    • F8 – Force/Stress Diagrams > Frame/Pier/Spandrel/Link Forces
    • F9 – Force/Stress Diagrams > Shell Stresses/Forces

    7. Design Menu

    • Shift+F5 – Steel Frame Design > Start Design/Check
    • Ctrl+Shift+F5 – Steel Frame Design > Display Design Info
    • Shift+F6 – Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check
    • Ctrl+Shift+F6 – Concrete Frame Design > Display Design Info
    • Shift+F7 – Composite Beam Design > Start Design/Check
    • Ctrl+Shift+F7 – Composite Beam Design > Display Design Info
    • Shift+F8 – Composite Column Design > Start Design/Check
    • Ctrl+Shift+F8 – Composite Column Design > Display Design Info
    • Shift+F9 – Steel Connection Design > Start Design/Check
    • Ctrl+Shift+F9 – Steel Connection Design > Display Design Info
    • Shift+F10 – Shear Wall Design > Start Design/Check
    • Ctrl+Shift+F10 – Shear Wall Design > Display Design Info

    8. Other shortcut keys

    • Ctrl+U – Display Unit
    • F1 – ETABS Help
    • Ctrl+L – Change Language to
    Etab Shortcut Keys List
    Etab ShortcutKey List1

    You may also searching for: AutoCAD Shortcut Keys

    Tips for selecting bricks? 10 quality of good bricks!

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    bricks

    Either you are a civil engineer or a contractor or owner planning to construct a building or other construction works, it is necessary for you to select the good quality of bricks as construction materials.

    You do not have to build a perfect wall. You have to lay a perfect brick.

    Will Smith

    Like this proverb, you can not build a perfect wall without perfect bricks and other building materials. So in this article, I am sharing the tips with which you can easily select and identify the bricks of good quality.

    You may also love to read: Calculation process to find the quantity of cement sand for plastering

    10 tips for selecting good quality of bricks for construction work.

    Follow these 10 tips/points to get the best quality of brick.

    1. Bricks should be standard size as specified per dimension (230 × 110 × 55)mm.
      • Note: The size of brick may vary from county to country.
    2. When two bricks are struck with one another, it should give clear metallic ringing sound.
    3. Bricks should be well burnt and should possess sharp edges.
    4. A good brick should not absorb water more than 20% of its dry weight. At any case absorption should not exceed 25%
    5. A good brick should possess required compressive strength should not be less than 35kg/cm2.
    6. It should be hard enough so that it is not scratched by a fingernail i.e. impression should be made on the surface.
    7. A very rough test for testing strength of brick, brick fall freely from a height about 2m on to a hard surface floor, it should not break.
    8. Specific gravity should be greater than 1.8.
    9. The brick should have uniform color and structure throughout its body.
    10. The recommended standard size of an ideal brick is 230mm-110mm-55mm which with mortar joints gives net dimensions of 240mm-120mm-65mm.

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